• The relay module is based on the Micom P122 industrial relay. 
• They can also use the relay support software and a suitable computer to program the relay module. 
• The relay module is then connected to the fault circuits so tests can be performed. 
• The lecturer or student sets up different fault circuits on the Protection and Relay Test Set. 
• They then use the keypad and display on the relay module to program it to the settings needed for the tests. 
• Most tests are performed using single relays. 

The main functions of the Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay include:

• Three-phase earth and overcurrent: three independent stages. 
• The first stage selectable from any of 12 IDMT curves.
• The remaining stages having a direct time characteristic.
• High impedance restricted earth fault.
• Thermal overload protection.
• Negative-phase sequence overcurrent: two independent stages.
• Broken conductor detection.
• Selectable blocking, Undercurrent.
• Trend, fault and disturbance records.
• Circuit monitoring.

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• An upper panel that shows the basics of distribution.
• A lower panel that shows more advanced three-phase power distribution. 
• The upper panel includes low-voltage a.c and d.c supplies, a set of lamps and variable resistances. 
• The resistances simulate a feeder cable and the lamps simulate loads. 
• Its primary tappings are adjustable and its secondary winding star point can be connected to earth.
• The panels include all current, voltage and power meters needed for the experiments. 
• The lower panel includes connections to two three-phase transformers, lines and loads to simulate industrial power distribution. 
• One transformer reduces the voltage from the incoming supply to the correct value for the experiments. 
• The other transformer reduces the line voltage down to 110 V and acts as the ‘line receive’ transformer. 
  Students may connect the feeder circuit to learn the principles of ring main and radial circuits. 
• The low-voltage a.c supplies may be connected to show the principles of regulation. 

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• It is needed to connect two or more of the modules together.
• When connected to a suitable mains supply, the hub provides power for each part of the Modular Power System. 
• It also links the electrical test circuits so students do not need to use long test leads between modules.
• The hub links the emergency stop buttons of each connected module to give better safety in the laboratory.

The user can select from a choice of two emergency stop settings:

• One setting stops the power to only the affected module of the Modular Power System, leaving the others still powered.
• The emergency stop setting switch is a keyswitch to prevent unauthorised use.
• The other setting stops the power to all modules of the Modular Power System. 

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• The motor and generator set consists of two coupled machines mounted in the base of the control console. 
• Manual or different types of automatic excitation control the output of the generator. 
• A vector drive controls the speed of the motor. 
• Students can set the relays from their control panels. 
• The circuit-breakers also include hand-operated switches, and lamps. 
• The lamps show whether the circuit-breaker is open or closed. 
• Digital meters show the conditions of the prime mover and generator.
• The relays operate the circuit-breakers around the second generator.  
• The relays show students how actual generators are protected and the different ways that they are protected. 
• The relays also include sockets to link them to a suitable computer for more detailed programming, if needed. 
• The Second Generator links to the Power System Trainer at the higher voltage (transmission) level to simulate central generation, for example main power stations. 

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• The Three-phase Mobile Transformer is an essential tool for experiments and demonstrations of transformer theory. 
• It consists of three identical transformers on a common core to create a three-limb, three-phase transformer. 
• All tappings connect to coloured, shrouded sockets for safety. 
• To show transformer principles clearly, the transformers operate as one volt each turn. 
• The transformer is inside a steel enclosure, which has small wheels for ease of mobility. 
• This means that the no-load output voltage is the same as the number of turns on the secondary. 
• For a typical test, students connect the primary and secondary winding to suit their experiments. 
• All tappings are accessible, so students may link the windings to suit any of the common three-phase connections.
• The transformer has a selection of high-voltage (primary) and low-voltage (secondary) tappings to select a range of input and output voltages.  

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• A variable transformer inside the unit works with the load to set and control the fault current in each of four circuits. 
• Circuit two tests fuses and includes a ‘fuse break’ detector circuit. 
• This uses lamps to show the students when each of the fuses breaks. 
• To show students how industrial switching circuits work, each circuit includes a contact breaker, switched by an industrial standard discrepancy switch. 
• Circuit one includes an additional adjustable residual current detector for experiments with different residual current faults. 
• Each circuit has a different current protection device, including fuses, a magnetic only circuit-breaker, a thermal only circuit-breaker, and a thermomagnetic circuit-breaker. 
• It includes a digital display and switches to help set the earth leakage fault current before the test. 
• It shows the fault current and breaking time relationship for different fuse types. 
• Circuit three also includes remote and local control keyswitches to switch its contact breaker and break the circuit.
• This helps to show how both a control room operator or a remote operator can switch a circuit on or off in a real installation. 

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• The control panel has clear mimic diagrams with shrouded sockets. 
• Students use shrouded leads to connect the different parts of the circuits. 
• The parts include thyristors, diodes, inductors, transformers and smoothing capacitors. 
• A load inductor shows the effect of inductance when smoothing the AC ripple in rectifier circuits. 
• Fast-blow fuses on the control panel protect the load side of experiment circuits. 
• The multi-tapped transformers give a choice of single and three-phase AC voltages for connection to the diodes and thyristors. 
• A mix of standard analogue meters and a multi-function digital meter measure the currents and voltages in the circuits. 
• A centre-tapped interphase transformer shows the effect of reducing circulating currents in rectifier circuits. 
• Students use controls on the lower panel to adjust AC supply voltage and ballast resistance during experiments. 
• For thyristor experiments, students can select an external or internal source to trigger the gates of the thyristors.
• Transducers allow students to connect an oscilloscope (included) to show and compare the gate pulses with the output wave-forms. 

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• The relay shows clearly the characteristics of three-phase differential protection. 
• The relay is housed in a robust enclosure with carrying handle.
• A Micom industrial relay forms the main part of the unit. 
• The lecturer or student sets up different fault circuits on the Protection and Relay Test Set or other Power System product. 
• The unit mounts on the desk area of the Protection and Relay Test Set or other Power System product. 
• It connects using a multi-core cable from the back of the relay to the Power System products. 
• They then use the keypad and display on the relay module to program it to the settings needed for the tests. 
• They can also use the Micom S1 software and a suitable computer to program the relay module. 
• The user then connects the 4 mm shrouded sockets from the relay to the test circuits on the Power System product. 

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