Aerodynamics & Thermodynamics Products Manufacturer,Supplier and Exporter in India

• This is a small-scale wind tunnel with an electric fan and adjustable air flow control, with eight different experiment modules that demonstrate key principles and phenomena of air flow.
• It is the essential base unit for eight different experiment modules that demonstrate key principles and phenomena of air flow.
• The unit consists of a sturdy steel framework on which is mounted a fan which supplies air via a flow-control valve to a specially designed plenum chamber and aerodynamically shaped contraction.
• Pressure measurement connections use reliable quick-release couplings. 
• Both of these features make the changeover from one experiment to another simple and quick.
• The bench format of the equipment makes it compact, easy to move and store. 
• Each of the experiment modules fits either to the plenum chamber or to the contraction. 
• The air then exits the experiment module through the bench top and emerges at an exhaust at the rear of the unit.
• When smoke is used in experiments for visualisation purposes users can fit flexible ducting to the exhaust to direct waste smoke safely away
• Also has handy shelves and storage space which is ideal to store experiment modules when they are not in use.

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• Apparatus allows students to see density gradients as variations in intensity of illumination. 
• This allows them to see supersonic air flow patterns around models. 
• The mirrors and lenses are of high optic standards to reduce any possibility of optic distortions of the images.
• The apparatus includes digital imaging equipment to record the images, this is useful when using an intermittent supersonic wind tunnel.  
• It also clearly shows shockwaves and expansions, and students can compare their positions and angles with values predicted by theory.

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• A vertical, suction-type wind tunnel with smoke visualisation. 
• Allows demonstrations and student investigations into the flow of air around a wide variety of differently shaped models.  
• A variable-speed fan mounted on top of the wind tunnel produces the air flow through the working section. 
• Students can move the comb from side to side to aid investigations into the aerodynamic properties of a test model.
• A smoke generator connects to a comb mounted in the wind tunnel below the working section.  
• Smoke is produced by the vapourisation of a high-quality food-grade oil. 
• The front wall of the working section of the wind tunnel is transparent and removable. 
• This enables users to easily and quickly attach the optional models to the back of the working section. 
• Lamps illuminate the working section from both sides to improve the visibility of the smoke. 
• The wind tunnel is held on a metal frame fitted with castors for mobility. 
• A control unit on the frame contains the controls for the fan speed.
• A filter helps provide uniform air flow. 
• The smoke is non toxic. Air flow is vertically upwards. 

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• The two-pen chart recorder, works with Flight Demonstration Wind Tunnel. 
• It has an ergonomic deign.
• For ease of use by students and long-life fibre tip pens, which withstand long-term use in a laboratory.
• Chart width: 200 mm
• Range: 1mV - 50 V
• Configuration: 1 and 2 channel version
• Chart Speed: 16 different from 0,1-20 mm/sec or mm/min
• Features: Separate electric pen-lift per channel

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• Aircraft able to move vertically and pitch about the quarter chord point independently.
• Simulates take off , level fl ight, cruise and landing.
• Demonstrations include aerofoil lift, stall, longitudinal stability and transient motion.
• Includes electronic display of air speed, attitude, altitude, pressure and lift.
• Tufts on the wing clearly demonstrate the phenomenon of separation and stall.
• Brightly illuminated working section.
• Adjustable centre of gravity of the model. 

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• Demonstrates the thermodynamic and fluid mechanics of the adiabatic expansion of air through subsonic and supersonic nozzles. 
• Includes interchangeable convergent, convergent - divergent Laval nozzles and convergent parallel nozzle.Compressed air passes through the pressure regulator and an isolating valve. 
• The airflow then settles as it passes along a horizontal pipe, through an orifice and out to atmosphere. 
• The temperature and pressure displays accurately measure temperatures and pressures at key points around the apparatus, including the pressures around the orifice which students use to determine overall mass flow. 
• For ease of visibility and for good engineering practice, the analogue gauge also shows pressure in the chest. 
• A stainless-steel probe on a manually adjustable, vertical traverse measures the pressure distribution along the axis of the nozzle. 
• A digital indicator measures the probe position in the nozzle. 

Its floor-standing frame holds:

• A pressure chest with a removable lid and nozzle traverse mechanism.
• A useful worktop.
• An instrument frame with digital pressure and temperature displays.
• A pressure regulator to maintain the inlet/upstream pressure, with an analogue reference pressure gauge.
• Three interchangeable, profiled and polished brass nozzles with mimics that fit on the traverse mechanism. 

Dimensions and weight:

• Length 2900 mm x depth 600 mm x height 1730 mm and 123 kg 

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Technical Specification:

• Electrical Supply: 100 VAC to 120 VAC 50 Hz to 60 Hz,220 VAC to 240 VAC 50 Hz to 60 Hz
• Smoke Generator dimension: 410 mm x 180 mm x 370 mm 
• Weight: 14 kg
• CO2 gas bottle and bracket: 07.5 kg
• Smoke tunnel duct in three pieces including working section: 10.5 kg
• Smoke oil: 2.5 litre
• Pipe and exhaust duct: 2.5 kg
• Total net weight: 37 kg
• Approximate packed dimensions and weight: 0.32 m3; 42 kg
• Storage temperature range: –25°C to +55°C
• Operating temperature range :+5°C to +40°C
• Operating relative humidity range: 80% at temperatures < 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% at 40°C

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• This module consists of an aerodynamically shaped nozzle from which a jet of air emerges. 
• A second wall may be introduced at the other side of the jet, which may be switched from one side to the other, as is done in a fluidic flip-flop type switch. 
• The effect of sealing the walls and adding a central splitter to the device are also investigated.
• This flows against a wall to which it attaches. 
• The wall may be rotated to show the deflection of the jet through large angles due to the effect. 

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• A self-contained mobile two-stage reciprocating air compressor test set to allow investigations into the operation and performance of compressors with a single-stage, two stages and two stages with inter-cooling. 
• Electronic drive units independently control both motors. 
• Meters show motor electrical power consumption of each motor. 
• A close-coupled load cell on each motor measures torque. 
• A sensor on each motor measures speed, shown by a digital indicator. 
• The product of the torque and speed gives true shaft power.
• All controls and instrumentation are on an easy-to-operate mimic panel.
• This test set has two independently-controlled, motordriven compressors, intercooler and air receiver. 
• It works as a single-stage, two-stage or two-stage compressor with intercooler. 
• Electric motors and low-maintenance toothed belts drive two twin-cylinder, air-cooled reciprocating compressors. 
• To allow students to study different types of air-compressor systems, diverter valves allow air to move in different directions. 

These include:

• From the first stage to the receiver.
• Directly to the second stage.
• To the second stage, by means of the integral water-cooled intercooler.
• Independent control of the two compressor speeds allows flexibility to match the two compressors under different conditions. 

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• The Natural Convection and Radiation equipment allows the study of heat transfer at different pressures and vacuum. It shows the differences between radiation and natural 'free' convection. 
• A small heated element hangs in the centre of a pressure vessel. 
• Students can extrapolate the results down to a total vacuum (no convection). 
• This allows them to isolate the heat transfer by radiation.
• The heater has a matt black surface. 
• Attached to its surface is a thermocouple to measure the temperature. 
• The vessel’s inside is also black, and it has a thermocouple fitted to its wall to measure the temperature in the vessel. 
• It allows students to find the emissivity of a surface and verify the Stefan-Boltzman equation. 
• It also gives students an understanding of the non-dimensional characteristics using Nusselt, Grasof, Prandtl and Knudsen numbers.
• The vessel may be charged with compressed air up to 1 bar (gauge) or evacuated down to about 5 Pa (absolute).
• Instruments and a digital display measure and display the temperatures, pressures and power to the element. 
• To give accurate measurements of pressure and vacuum, the equipment has two different pressure transducers - one for pressures above atmospheric and one for pressures below atmospheric.

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• Heating and condensing takes place inside a partially filled glass vessel. 
• A heater coil heats the water.
• The temperature of the wire reaches significantly higher than 100°C.
• Students watch the boiling process and note the different boiling processes.
• For boiling heat transfer experiments, students adjust the current in a resistant wire heater element in the water.  

These include:

• Subcooled boiling: where small bubbles form and rise.
• Nucleate boiling: where large bubbles form and rise.
• Film boiling: unstable and stable, where a vapour blanket forms and heat transfer by radiation becomes important.
• For condensing heat transfer experiments, water condenses on two water-cooled vertical cylinder specimens. 
• The cooling water flow rate and its temperature change at each cylinder helps students to find the heat transfer.

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• The Temperature Measurement and Calibration apparatus fits on a desk or bench top. 
• It includes eight different temperature measurement devices and shows their characteristics and how to calibrate them against a standard. 
• A carefully rated immersion heater in the tank heats the water steadily up to boiling, giving time to take accurate results. 
• The built-in precision reference sensor works as an accurate temperature reference. 
• A display shows the temperature from the reference sensor and the local pressure from the built-in pressure sensor. 
• The display also calculates the local boiling point of water based on the barometric pressure. 
• Students add crushed ice to the insulated icebox and clean water to the fully guarded water heater tank. 
• The water heater tank has a drain tap for connection to a suitable container or local water drain. 
• This helps students to change the heated water safely and quickly, reducing experiment time.
• The water heater tank includes a water level float switch and a safety temperature cut-out switch to turn off the heater in case of low water level. 

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• This heat exchanger mimics those used in the process industry. 
• The unit has an extra thermocouple to measure the batch temperature. 
• It also has a motorised stirrer to show how stirring affects heat transfer. 
• Continuous feed to the vessel for heating or you set a fixed batch for heating.
• It can show heat transfer by using the outer skin (or ‘jacket’) of the vessel, or by a coil inside the vessel.
• All fluid connections between the Service Module and the heat exchanger are self-sealing quick connectors – for safety and simplicity. 
• The hot and cold fluid streams have different connectors to reduce errors.   

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• This heat exchanger is one of the most common type used in industry. 
• This is because it is compact, but can work at higher pressures than other designs. 
• It is a large tube which surrounds several smaller tubes (a bundle). 
• Baffles around the bundle help to create a turbulent mixed flow. 
• One fluid passes through the shell, and the other fluid passes through the tube bundle, therefore transferring heat.

• This heat exchanger is a set of metal plates separated by spacers (gaskets). 
• The metal plates have flow disturbers on their sides to help improve the heat transfer. 
• Plate heat exchangers are compact and therefore good for applications with limited space. 
• It is also easy to alter their design to change their capacity simply add or remove plates and spacers.
• The plates and gaskets have holes that make the hot and cold flow run on alternate sides of the plates, therefore transferring heat.  

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• This is the simplest of the optional heat exchangers. 
• It has two tubes, one inside the other. 
• Heat exchanger is in two equal parts joined by intermediate pipes. 
• This allows two extra measurement points at the midpoint. 
• One tube carries hot fluid, the other carries cold fluid. Heat transfers between them. 
• This gives more useful experiment results, to show more clearly how the fluid temperatures change during heat transfer. 

• The hot water system gives stable flow rates and temperatures. 
• The hot and cold fluid streams have different connectors to reduce errors.
• An electrically operated valve opens to let water in to fill the tank.  
• Thermocouples at the connectors measure hot and cold inlet and outlet fluid stream temperatures. 
• Some heatexchangers also have built-in thermocouples for extra temperature measurements. 
• Clear, multiline digital displays show the temperatures and flow rates of the fluid streams.  
• The tank has protection in case of over temperature, low water level and overfilling.
• It provides hot and cold water to the heat exchangers and all the instruments needed to measure their performance.
• All fluid connections to the optional heat exchangers are self-sealing quick connectors – for safety and simplicity.  
• The services module’s cold water circuit has a flow regulator and connection for an external mains water supply. 
• Both the cold and hot water system have precision needle valves and turbine flow meters to control and measure the flow rates. 
• All optional heat exchangers have the same nominal heat transfer area and wall thickness, so students can compare them directly. 

• A mobile frame contains all the parts of the test set. 
• An electric pump draws from a reservoir (included) to deliver water to an electrically-heated boiler. 
• The boiler includes a safety valve, water level gauge and ‘blow-down cock’. 
• A throttling calorimeter allows students to measure the dryness fraction of the steam. 
• Two mechanical gauges show the boiler and engine inlet pressures. 
• The boiler produces steam to turn a two-cylinder steam motor. 
• The equipment includes all instruments needed for the experiments. 
• A meter shows the electrical power supplied to the heaters in the boiler. 
• The used steam from the motor outlet passes through a mains water-cooled condenser, then down to a waste tank or to a measuring vessel. 
• These include a band-brake dynamometer with a digital torque and speed display, to measure and display motor speed, torque and power. 
• Thermocouples connect to a digital temperature display to measure and display temperatures at key points in the test set.
• Supply a stopwatch and thermometer to allow accurate measurement of the flow and temperature of the condensate.

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• A controller switches the power to an electric heater to keep a constant ‘bulk’ water temperature inside the vessel. A temperature controller maintains a constant water temperature for the test shape. 
• This gives multiple experiments in heat transfer. 
• Precision instruments measure the temperatures at key points on clear multi-line displays. 
• The test shapes are of different dimensions and material to give different heat transfer areas and thermal conductivities.  
• The student immerses the test shape and measures the transient temperature changes caused by the sudden immersion.
• They then immerse the other test shapes and compare the results to find how their different surface area, shape and thermal properties affect the heat transfer. 
• The vessel has a large volume of water compared to the test shapes, so their immersion has a negligible affect on the bulk temperature. 

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• Water to Air Heat Exchanger mirrors air heating and water cooling applications. 
• An electrically operated valve opens to let water in to fill the tank. 
• The air exits the duct through a handoperated slide-valve. 
• The tank has protection in case of over temperature, low water level and overfilling. 
• A precision needle valve and flow meter control and measure the water flow rate. 
• Students use the orifice and valve to measure and control the air flow. 
• Thermocouples at the water connectors and in the air duct measure hot and cold inlet and outlet fluid stream temperatures. 
• For safety and simplicity, the heat exchangers have selfsealing quick connectors for their water supply. 
• The cooling air passes down a vertical duct containing an orifice plate which connects to a differential pressure transducer. 
• The air then passes through a fixed speed centrifugal fan and along a horizontal duct containing the heat exchanger.
• It fits on a bench top and includes a hot water supply, a cooling air duct and all instruments needed for tests on cross-flow heat exchangers. 
• The heat output of the design produces good results without greatly affecting the temperature of a reasonable size classroom or laboratory. 

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• The apparatus consists of a rigid frame containing an insulated pressure vessel (boiler) and an instrumentation and control unit. 
• The electrically-heated boiler holds water. 
• The boiler includes a special-purpose glass window. 
• A pressure relief valve limits the maximum boiler pressure. 
• The frame also has extra space for the optional interface. 
• As the water temperature increases, so does the pressure in the boiler. 
• A transducer and a thermocouple measure the boiler pressure and temperature. 
• A digital display shows the values in both SI and traditional units. 
• For sound engineering practice a mechanical Bourdon type gauge also displays the pressure. 
• It works independent of the electrical supply so the user can always see the pressure in the vessel. 
• The electrical heater has a thermostat to limit the maximum heater temperature. 
• It allows students to see the internal construction of the vessel, to see the boiling process and to check the water level. 
• For safety, the equipment includes high temperature pipe to direct any vented steam away from the working area to a suitable drain.
• The design includes all possible safety and low maintenance features, specially for educational use. 

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• The apparatus consists of two frame mounted interconnected transparent and rigid vessels, with one vessel equipped for operation under pressure and the second vessel under vacuum. 
• The vessel is pressurised and vacuumed using an electrical air pump together with valves and tappings. 
• Provides accurate real-time data capture, monitoring and display, calculation and charting of all the important readings on a computer.
• The vessels are independent and can also be used together to enable the study of various thermodynamic processes. 

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• This experiment has three concentric cylinders. 
• The inner cylinder contains an electric heater. 
• The test liquid or gas forms a second, thin cylinder around the heat source. 
• The third cylinder cooled by water surrounds them both to make a heat sink. 
• Assembly is mounted on a base plate with a clear schematic of the experiment layout. 
• Heat passes by conduction from the heat source, through the test liquid or gas, to the heat sink. 
• Thermocouples measure the temperature on the inside and outside edges of the cylinder of test liquid or gas. 

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• This experiment has a thin solid bar with an electric heater at one end. 
• It mounts on a base plate with a clear schematic of the experiment layout. 
• The bar has a matt black coating for a consistent and predictable emissivity value. 
• Thermocouples measure the temperature along the surface of the bar at equally spaced intervals. 
• Students use initial test results to predict the temperatures and heat flow along the bar.
• The electric heater and thermocouples connect to sockets on the Heat Transfer Experiments Base Unit.
• Heat conducts along the bar and transfers to the local surroundings by natural convection and radiation. 

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• This experiment has a solid brass disc with an electric heater (heat source) at its centre and a circular crosssection cooling tube (heat sink) around its circumference. 
• It mounts on a base plate with a clear schematic of the experiment layout. 
• The electric heater and thermocouples connect to sockets on the Heat Transfer Experiments Base Unit.
• At equally spaced radii on the disc, seven thermocouples measure the temperature as the heat conducts radially outwards from the heater. 
• Insulation around the disc reduces heat loss by convection and radiation, so that the results should match the theory for simple radial conduction only.
• Also supplies the cold water feed and drain for the heat sink Students turn on the cooling water flow and adjust the heater power until the experiment reaches equilibrium. 

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• The Base Unit is the core of the range. 
• The Base Unit’s water system connects to a suitable cold water supply and drain.
• It also includes sockets for the thermocouples built into each optional experiment.  
• It includes a hand-operated valve to help give a controllable water flow and a simple return pipe, both colour-coded. 
• The water connections to the optional experiments are self-sealing quick connectors – for safety and simplicity. 
• Clear, multi-line digital displays on the Base Unit show the temperatures and heater power of each experiment. 
• A spare area to the right of the Base Unit frame allows you to fit the optional VDAS-F hardware.
• It provides cold water and heater power to the optional experiments and all the instruments needed to measure their performance.  
• The Base Unit provides a variable and measured electrical current to the heater in each experiment and works with a safety switch to stop the heater from becoming too hot. 
• Each optional experiment is on a bedplate that has a clear schematic diagram showing the connections and measuring point positions.

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• The bench-mounting equipment includes a back plate that holds a low-pressure vessel. 
• A thermocouple measures the temperature of the heater surface for the controller. 
• Two thermocouples measure the temperature of the air in the vessel. 
• A pressure transducer measures the pressure of the heated air in the vessel. 
• A digital display shows the absolute pressure, both temperatures and their average value. 
• Students set the controller for the range of temperatures needed during the experiment.
• The vessel holds a fixed volume of air surrounded by an insulated heater, controlled by an electronic temperature controller.  
• They then record the changes in pressure as the temperature increases and plot the results to prove Gay-Lussac’s Law.
• A hand-operated valve at the bottom of the vessel allows students to normalize the air in the vessel to ambient conditions. 
• The equipment uses normal clean dry air, as it behaves as an ideal gas over the range of pressures used in this equipment.  

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• The bench-mounting equipment includes a back plate that holds two clear-walled cylinders containing oil.
• This piston compresses or decompresses a trapped column of air in the test cylinder. 
• A digital indicator measures the change in height of the trapped air column. 
• A mechanical pressure gauge measures the pressure of the trapped air. 
• When multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the column, this gives the change in volume. 
• They also help to demonstrate the change in air temperature during demonstrations. 
• A thermocouple and digital display measure the temperature of the trapped air to make sure that students maintain a constant air temperature during tests. 
• Students use hand-operated pumps to increase or decrease the pressure in the left-hand cylinderwhich moves a ‘liquid piston’ of oil in the righthand cylinder. 
• The equipment uses normal, clean, dry air, as it behaves as an ideal gas over the range of pressures used in this equipment.  

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• A variable slide valve controls the air flow.
• These enable students to measure the static pressure difference across the rods.  
• The copper element is of known thermal capacity and includes a built-in thermocouple. 
• The equipment allows students to quickly assess heat transfer rates by forced convection. 
• They monitor the rate of cooling of a body of known thermal capacity in an air flow.  
• It is a horizontal wind tunnel with a contraction cone, a working section, a diffuser, a constant speed fan, and an exhaust with silencer. 
• A second thermocouple at the inlet to the wind tunnel measures the temperature of air entering the heat exchanger.
• Pitot traverse can measure air velocity at any vertical point in the working section, either before or after the rods. 
• The working section includes a series of rods arranged in a matrix and at right-angles to the direction of air flow. To do experiments, students can remove any one of these rods and replace it with a cylindrical copper element.
• The base of the working section includes two static pressure tappings: one before the rods and one afterwards. 

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