Winston Bridge Kit (Product Code: SCL-253/024) is a Wheatstone bridge experiment kit used to measure unknown resistances and study bridge balance in school and college physics laboratories. Its bridge device measures 1000 x 100 x 50 mm with Ni-Cr resistance wire, and the kit adds a 0–20 V digital voltmeter, a 0–10 A digital ammeter, a 10 Ω / 5 A rheostat, batteries, switches and 4 mm leads. It is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Winston Bridge Kit Used For?

A Wheatstone bridge compares an unknown resistance with known ones: when the bridge is balanced, no current flows through the detector and the ratio of the resistances can be read from the balance position. On this kit’s 1000 mm bridge device, students slide the contact along the Ni-Cr wire to find that point, then calculate the unknown resistance, or the specific resistance of a wire sample.

The digital voltmeter and ammeter allow a second route to the same answer through the voltmeter–ammeter method, so students can compare two ways of measuring resistance. The rheostat limits the current, which keeps the wire from heating and drifting. For reliable readings, clean the contact points, close the switches only while taking a reading, and repeat the balance with the connections swapped.

What to Specify When Ordering

• Whether a galvanometer and a resistance box should be added — neither is named in the kit contents, so ask us.
• The number of kits, usually one per practical bench.
• Whether spare batteries or extra 4 mm leads are wanted for heavy use.

OEM Manufacturer

Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, whose trading name is ScienceLab, manufactures the Winston Bridge Kit as OEM (original equipment manufacturer) at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Because the bridge device and accessories come from the maker, laboratories, dealers and importers can agree the exact kit make-up, and later ask about spare leads or batteries, with one team — ask us. Find out more on the company profile.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Instruments commonly added to a bridge experiment bench:

• Galvanometer Kit — provides the null detector for finding the balance point.
• Resistance Box — supplies the known resistance for the comparison.
• Meter Bridge — the classic slide-wire form of the Wheatstone bridge.
• Wheatstone Bridge Apparatus — an alternative bridge arrangement.
• Potentiometer Kit — the companion kit for emf and internal-resistance experiments.

See the Laboratory Equipment category for more electrical apparatus.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Winston Bridge Kit used for?
The Winston Bridge Kit is used for Wheatstone bridge experiments: finding an unknown resistance by balancing the bridge, and measuring the specific resistance of a wire. Its digital meters also support the voltmeter–ammeter method for comparison.

Is the Winston Bridge Kit a Wheatstone bridge?
Yes. The Winston Bridge Kit is a kit for Wheatstone bridge experiments, listed in our catalogue under this name. It is built around a 1000 x 100 x 50 mm bridge device with Ni-Cr wire.

What is included in the Winston Bridge Kit?
The Winston Bridge Kit includes the bridge device with Ni-Cr wire, a 0–20 V DC digital voltmeter, a 0–10 A DC digital ammeter, a battery holder, three 3–4.5 V batteries, a 5 A 10 Ω rheostat, 5 switches and sixteen 4 mm flexible cables.

Does the Winston Bridge Kit include a galvanometer?
A galvanometer is not named in the listed contents of the Winston Bridge Kit. Most bridge practicals use one as the null detector, so ask us through the contact page to include a galvanometer in the quotation.

What ratings do the switches in the Winston Bridge Kit have?
The Winston Bridge Kit has 5 switches for electrical circuits with a current of 0–3 A and a voltage of 36 V, which comfortably covers the low-voltage battery circuits used in bridge experiments.

Who manufactures the Winston Bridge Kit?
The Winston Bridge Kit is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), the OEM, at its own factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and supplied factory-direct to schools, colleges, dealers and importers in India and international markets.

Request a Quote

To price the Winston Bridge Kit, with or without a galvanometer and resistance box, write through the contact page or add it to the enquiry cart. The manufacturer quotes directly.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Capacitor Study Kit (Product Code: SCL-495/026) is a parallel-plate capacitor kit used to investigate how plate area, plate separation and the material between the plates affect capacitance, in school and college physics laboratories. It provides two pairs of 20 x 20 cm and two pairs of 28 x 28 cm Plexiglass plates, with 21 x 21 cm glass and polystyrene sheets to place between them. It is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Capacitor Study Kit Used For?

The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor grows with the area of the plates, falls as the plates are moved apart, and rises when an insulating material replaces the air between them. This kit lets students test each factor in turn: they compare the 20 x 20 cm and 28 x 28 cm plate pairs for area, vary the gap between the plates mounted in the holder, and slide the glass or polystyrene sheet between the plates.

Because the 21 x 21 cm sheets slightly overlap the smaller plates, they cover the whole plate area when inserted, which keeps the comparison fair. The results introduce the idea of the dielectric constant and explain why real capacitors use thin insulating layers between large conducting surfaces. In this electricity experiment kit for senior school and college, keep the plates and sheets clean and dry, since surface moisture affects readings.

What to Specify When Ordering

• The number of kits, typically one per practical group.
• The measuring ranges you need from the meter item, so it can be confirmed before dispatch — ask us.
• Whether spare glass or polystyrene sheets should be quoted as replacements.

OEM Manufacturer

ScienceLab, the trading name of Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, is the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) of the Capacitor Study Kit and produces it at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Institutions, dealers and importers order the kit directly from the manufacturer, which also handles questions about replacement plates, sheets or holders — ask us. For company background, visit the ScienceLab profile.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Apparatus that pairs with this kit in lessons on capacitance and electrostatics:

• Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) — follows on with how capacitors charge and discharge through a resistor.
• Demonstrative Plan Condenser/ Capacitor — a demonstration-size plate capacitor for the teacher’s bench.
• Electroscope, Gold Leaf — shows charge and potential changes on the plates qualitatively.
• Capacitor — fixed capacitors for circuit work after the plate experiments.

More electrical apparatus appears in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included in the Capacitor Study Kit?
The Capacitor Study Kit includes two pairs of 20 x 20 cm and two pairs of 28 x 28 cm Plexiglass plates, a 21 x 21 cm glass sheet, a 21 x 21 cm polystyrene sheet, an LC meter item with a 50 cm lead, a device clamp and a holder for fixing capacitors.

Why does the Capacitor Study Kit have plates of two sizes?
The Capacitor Study Kit has 20 x 20 cm and 28 x 28 cm plate pairs so students can compare capacitors of different plate area while keeping the gap and material the same, showing that capacitance increases with area.

What are the glass and polystyrene sheets for?
The 21 x 21 cm glass and polystyrene sheets in the Capacitor Study Kit are placed between the plates as dielectrics. Comparing them with air shows how the material between the plates changes capacitance.

Does the Capacitor Study Kit include a meter?
The Capacitor Study Kit contents list an LC meter item with a wire/cable conductor of 50 cm with two 4 mm connecting heads. Confirm the meter’s type and ranges with us through the contact page before ordering.

Who manufactures the Capacitor Study Kit?
The Capacitor Study Kit is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), the OEM, at its own factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and supplied direct to schools, colleges, dealers and importers in India and international markets.

What information does a quotation for the Capacitor Study Kit need?
A quotation for the Capacitor Study Kit needs the number of kits, any spare sheets or plates, your meter requirements and the delivery location. Send these details through the contact page and ScienceLab will reply.

Request a Quote

For a price on the Capacitor Study Kit, contact us through the contact page or add it to the enquiry cart. The quotation is prepared by the manufacturer itself.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance (Product Code: SCL-241/030) is a physics experiment kit used to measure the electromotive force (EMF, written f.e.m. in the name) and the internal resistance of a battery in school and college electricity practicals. Students work with three (3–4.5) V batteries in their own boxes and read current and terminal voltage on digital meters while a rheostat varies the load. The kit is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the EMF and Internal Resistance Apparatus Used For?

A battery never delivers its full EMF to an external circuit, because part of it is lost across the battery’s own internal resistance. With this apparatus, students connect one battery in series with the rheostat, the digital ammeter and the power switch, and place the digital voltmeter across the battery terminals. Each rheostat setting gives a new pair of current and terminal-voltage readings.

Plotting terminal voltage against current gives a straight line described by V = E − Ir: the intercept on the voltage axis is the EMF and the magnitude of the slope is the internal resistance. As an electricity experiment kit for school groups, it gives the clearest results when the rheostat starts at maximum resistance, the switch is opened between readings so the battery does not run down, and red connectors always go to the positive terminal. Repeating the test with each of the three batteries lets the class compare their results.

What to Specify When Ordering

• Number of kits required, so that each student group has its own three batteries and pair of meters.
• Whether spare (3–4.5) V batteries should be quoted for later practical sessions.
• Extra red and blue conductor wires if you plan to build additional circuits alongside this experiment.
• Delivery destination (within India or international) so the quotation can include suitable packing.

OEM Manufacturer

ScienceLab is the trading name of Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) of this EMF and internal resistance apparatus. The kit is made and assembled at the company’s own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, rather than being bought in from a trader, and it is supplied factory-direct to schools, colleges, institutions, dealers and importers.

The company is a registered MSME (Udyam UDYAM-HR-01-0003714), and its export consignments are handled under Importer-Exporter Code AAECJ8618A issued by the DGFT. Replacement parts and repeat orders are handled by the manufacturer itself — just ask us. Learn more on the ScienceLab company profile.

Related Laboratory Equipment

These items are often used with the EMF and internal resistance apparatus in the same electricity practical:

• Rheostat — an extra variable resistor for a second student circuit.
• Digital Ammeter — an additional current meter for larger classes.
• Digital Voltmeter — a second voltmeter for measuring across the load as well as the battery.
• Connecting Wire — spare leads for building extended circuits.
• Apparatus for Studying Circuits for Series and Parallel Connections — a follow-on experiment on combining resistances.

See the full range in our Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included with the Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance?
The Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance includes three (3–4.5) V batteries with their boxes, a digital ammeter, a digital voltmeter, a rheostat, six pairs of conductor wires with red and blue connectors, and a power switch rated for 36 V and 0–3 A direct current.

How do students find the EMF and internal resistance with this apparatus?
With the EMF and internal resistance apparatus (SCL-241/030), students record current and terminal voltage at several rheostat settings and plot voltage against current. The voltage-axis intercept of the straight line gives the battery’s EMF, and the slope gives its internal resistance, following V = E − Ir.

What does f.e.m. mean in the product name?
In the name Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance, f.e.m. is the abbreviation used in several European languages, such as Spanish fuerza electromotriz, for electromotive force (EMF). The apparatus therefore studies a battery’s EMF together with its internal resistance.

Who manufactures the Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance?
This EMF and internal resistance apparatus, code SCL-241/030, is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab) as the OEM, at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Buyers deal directly with the manufacturer for quotations, repeat orders and spare-part enquiries.

Is a calibration certificate available for the digital meters?
Calibration-certificate availability for the digital ammeter and voltmeter in the EMF and internal resistance apparatus (SCL-241/030) should be discussed with us before you order. Please state the requirement through the contact page so it can be addressed in your quotation.

Can the apparatus be ordered in bulk or for export?
Yes. The Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance can be quoted in class-set quantities for schools, colleges and dealers in India and international markets. Share the quantity, delivery destination and any tender format with ScienceLab to receive a quotation.

Request a Quote

To request a quotation for the Apparatus for Studying f.e.m. and Internal Battery and Battery Resistance (SCL-241/030), send your quantity and delivery details through our contact page or add the product to the enquiry cart. Quotes come direct from the manufacturer, ScienceLab, Ambala.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction (Product Code: SCL-239/031) is an electromagnetic induction kit used to show how a changing magnetic field produces an electric current in a conductor during school and college physics lessons. Its current listing specifies the connecting leads: two red-and-blue pairs 100 cm long and two red-and-blue pairs 50 cm long. The apparatus is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Electricity by Induction Apparatus Used For?

The apparatus supports lessons on Faraday’s law: an EMF appears in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux through it changes. In a typical classroom sequence, a magnet is pushed into and pulled out of a coil connected to a sensitive meter, and students note that the meter deflects only while there is relative motion, that faster motion gives a larger deflection, and that reversing the motion or the magnet’s pole reverses the current, as Lenz’s law predicts.

The two lead lengths help with a tidy layout: short 50 cm leads keep the circuit compact, while 100 cm leads let the meter sit farther from the moving magnet so its reading is not disturbed by the magnet’s field. Because the listing itemises only the leads, confirm with us which coil, magnet and meter your set will include. It suits physics lab equipment for school electromagnetism practicals and teacher demonstrations alike.

What to Specify When Ordering

• The components you expect in the set (for example coil, magnet and meter), so the quotation matches your experiment plan.
• Number of sets required per laboratory or class.
• Any extra 100 cm or 50 cm red and blue leads for additional student groups.

OEM Manufacturer

This induction apparatus comes from ScienceLab, the brand under which Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited trades. As the OEM (original equipment manufacturer), the company produces it at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and ships it directly to schools, colleges, training institutions, dealers and importers without a middle trader.

Because the maker handles your enquiry, questions about the contents list, extra leads or repeat orders are answered by the same team that builds the apparatus. You can read about the company on the ScienceLab profile page.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Items that complete or extend an electromagnetic induction practical:

• Galvanometer Kit — detects the small induced currents produced when a magnet moves in a coil.
• Primary and Secondary Coil Set — for mutual-induction experiments with two coils.
• Bar Magnet (Plastic) — a magnet students can move through a coil.
• Transformer Parts Kit — the next step, applying induction to transformers.
• Connecting Wire — additional leads for larger circuits.

More apparatus is listed in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the listing include for the Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction?
The current listing for the Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction (SCL-239/031) itemises four pairs of red and blue connecting leads: two pairs 100 cm long and two pairs 50 cm long. Ask ScienceLab for the full contents list before placing an order.

What principle does the induction apparatus demonstrate?
The Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction demonstrates Faraday’s law: an EMF is produced whenever the magnetic flux through a conductor changes. Lenz’s law can be shown too, because reversing the motion or the magnet’s pole reverses the direction of the induced current.

Why are the leads supplied in two lengths?
The induction apparatus SCL-239/031 lists both 100 cm and 50 cm red and blue leads. Short leads keep connections near the coil tidy, while the longer pair lets students place the meter away from the moving magnet, where its reading is less likely to be disturbed.

Who manufactures the Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction?
The Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), the OEM, at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Enquiries and quotations are handled directly by the manufacturer.

What should a quotation request for this apparatus include?
A quotation request for the Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction should state the number of sets, the components you expect in each set, any extra leads, and the delivery destination in India or abroad. Send these details through the contact page.

Request a Quote

Ask for a quotation on the Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction (SCL-239/031) through our contact page, or add it to the enquiry cart with other items. Your quotation comes straight from the manufacturer.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Transformer Parts Kit (Product Code: SCL-235/033) is a demountable transformer experiment kit used to assemble transformers and demonstrate electromagnetic induction effects in school and college physics laboratories. Its interchangeable coils, from 100 to 1800 turns, fit a U and I core measuring 32 x 25 mm, and two multimeters are included for measuring primary and secondary values. The kit is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Transformer Parts Kit Used For?

The main exercise is building step-up and step-down transformers. Students slide a primary and a secondary coil onto the U core, close it with the I yoke and the tightening plate, apply a low alternating voltage and measure both sides with the two multimeters. Pairing, say, the 300-turn coil with a 600-turn coil gives a 1:2 ratio, and the 900, 1200 and 1800-turn coils extend the range, so the class can check that the voltage ratio follows the turns ratio.

The remaining parts widen this transformer experiment kit for school labs into a full induction set: the solid and slotted sector plates and the aluminium disc show how eddy currents act on conductors, while the vertical support rod with the solid and separate aluminium rings suits ring-repulsion (jumping ring) demonstrations. Always switch off before changing coils, tighten the yoke firmly to reduce hum, and start at the lowest voltage.

What to Specify When Ordering

• Number of kits required for your laboratory or class groups.
• Your mains supply (voltage and frequency) so the power source can be confirmed in the quotation.
• Any spare coils you want, stated by turn count (100, 300, 600, 900, 1200 or 1800).
• Extra 50 cm connecting cables for additional student stations.

OEM Manufacturer

The Transformer Parts Kit is an original ScienceLab product. Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, which trades as ScienceLab, is its OEM (original equipment manufacturer): the coils, core parts and hardware are put together at the company’s own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and complete kits go factory-direct to schools, colleges, institutions, dealers and importers.

Buying from the manufacturer means that questions about individual coils, replacement parts or matching earlier orders go to the people who make the kit — ask us and we will check. Company background is on the ScienceLab profile.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Useful alongside the Transformer Parts Kit:

• Demountable Transformer Kit — an alternative demountable set for transformer practicals.
• Demountable Transformer Accessory Set No. 1 — additional accessories for demountable transformer demonstrations.
• Primary and Secondary Coil Set — extra coils for mutual-induction work.
• Digital Multimeter — a third meter for measuring current and voltage at the same time.
• Apparatus for Studying the Production of Electricity by Induction — an introductory induction experiment before transformers.

Browse more in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which coils come with the Transformer Parts Kit?
The Transformer Parts Kit (SCL-235/033) includes coils of 100 turns with wings, 300 turns, 300 turns with wings, two of 600 turns, 900 turns, 1200 turns (listed “with zero”) and 1800 turns, plus a separate copper coil, giving many turns ratios for transformer experiments.

What size is the core in the Transformer Parts Kit?
The Transformer Parts Kit uses a U and I core with dimensions of 32 x 25 mm. The coils fit onto the U section, and the I section, held by the tightening plate and screws, closes the magnetic circuit so the primary and secondary coils are well coupled.

Are meters included in the Transformer Parts Kit?
Yes. The Transformer Parts Kit includes two multimeters, so students can read the primary and secondary sides of an assembled transformer at the same time. Eight connecting cables, each 50 cm long, are also part of the kit.

Can the Transformer Parts Kit demonstrate eddy currents?
Yes. Besides transformers, the Transformer Parts Kit contains a flat sector-shaped plate, a sector plate with cracks (slots) and an aluminium motor disc, which let teachers compare how eddy currents behave in solid and slotted conductors near the energised core.

Who manufactures the Transformer Parts Kit?
The Transformer Parts Kit, code SCL-235/033, is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab) as the OEM, at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Quotations, repeat orders and replacement-part enquiries are handled by the manufacturer directly.

Can schools and dealers order the Transformer Parts Kit in bulk?
Yes. The Transformer Parts Kit can be quoted in multiple-kit quantities for schools, colleges, dealers and importers in India and international markets. Send your quantity, mains supply details and delivery destination through the contact page.

Request a Quote

For a quotation on the Transformer Parts Kit (SCL-235/033), use our contact page or place it in the enquiry cart. The quote comes direct from the manufacturer in Ambala.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) (Product Code: SCL-231/036) is a capacitor experiment set used to show how a capacitor charges and discharges through a resistor in school and college physics practicals. It pairs a 1000 µF capacitor with 10 kΩ and 100 kΩ resistors and a 0–20 V DC, 1 A power supply, so students can compare a fast and a slow RC curve with the multimeter. The set is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Capacitor Charging and Discharging Set Used For?

Students build a series circuit of the power supply, one resistor and the 1000 µF capacitor on the outlet board, then read the capacitor voltage with the multimeter at regular time intervals while it charges. Disconnecting the supply and letting the capacitor empty through the same resistor gives the discharge curve. Both curves are exponential, and their pace is set by the time constant τ = RC.

With the listed parts, RC works out to about 10 seconds for the 10 kΩ resistor and about 100 seconds for the 100 kΩ resistor, which is slow enough to time by hand. This makes the set a practical electricity experiment kit for school labs: the class can see that a tenfold larger resistance gives a tenfold slower curve. Keep the supply below the voltage marked on the capacitor, observe any polarity markings, and discharge the capacitor through a resistor before handling it.

What to Specify When Ordering

• Number of sets required, one per student group.
• Whether you also need a timing device, as none is itemised in the set.
• Spare red and black connecting wires for additional circuits.

OEM Manufacturer

Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, trading as ScienceLab, is the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) of the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set. It is produced at the company’s own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and delivered straight from the factory to schools, colleges, institutions, dealers and importers.

When you need an extra board, spare resistors or a repeat order that matches an earlier supply, the request goes directly to the maker — ask us and we will confirm. The ScienceLab profile explains more about the company.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Items that extend a capacitor and RC-circuit practical:

• Capacitor Study Kit — a companion kit for further capacitor investigations.
• Demonstrative Plan Condenser/ Capacitor — shows how plate spacing and area affect capacitance.
• Stopwatch, Digital — for timing voltage readings during charge and discharge.
• Standard Digital Multimeter — a second meter to watch capacitor and resistor voltages together.

More electrical apparatus is available in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included in the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set?
The Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set includes a 0–20 V DC, 1 A power supply, a multimeter, 10 kΩ and 100 kΩ resistors, a 1000 µF electronic capacitor, an outlet board, six pairs of red and black conducting wires and a capacitor charging and discharging demonstration table.

What time constants can be studied with this capacitor set?
With its 1000 µF capacitor, the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set gives a time constant of about 10 seconds with the 10 kΩ resistor and about 100 seconds with the 100 kΩ resistor, so students can compare two clearly different RC curves.

What power supply does the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set use?
The Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set (SCL-231/036) includes its own adjustable power supply rated 0–20 V DC at 1 A. Start at a low voltage and stay within the voltage marked on the capacitor.

How should the capacitor be handled safely?
Before touching the leads of the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set, discharge the 1000 µF capacitor through one of the resistors and check with the multimeter that its voltage has fallen. Observe any polarity markings and never exceed the capacitor’s marked voltage.

Who manufactures the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set?
The Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set, code SCL-231/036, is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab) as the OEM at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Quotations and repeat orders come directly from the manufacturer.

Can the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set be ordered in class quantities?
Yes. ScienceLab quotes the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set in class and bulk quantities for schools, colleges and dealers in India and international markets. Share the number of sets and delivery destination through the contact page.

Request a Quote

To receive a quotation for the Capacitor (Charging and Discharging) set (SCL-231/036), write to us through the contact page or add it to your enquiry cart. The quotation is issued directly by the manufacturer.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus (Product Code: SCL-219/042) is a simple pendulum apparatus used to study oscillation periods and determine the acceleration due to gravity in school and college mechanics practicals. A sphere hangs on a thread from a 500 mm mild steel rod set in a 200 x 125 mm mild steel base, and a digital stopwatch and 50 cm ruler are included for timing and length measurement. The apparatus is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Mathematical Pendulum Apparatus Used For?

A mathematical (ideal) pendulum treats the bob as a point mass on a light, inextensible thread, and its period depends only on length and gravity: T = 2π√(L/g). Students tie the sphere to cotton thread from the spool, fix the thread to the steel rod, measure the length from the point of suspension to the centre of the sphere with the 50 cm ruler, and time several complete swings with the digital stopwatch.

Repeating the timing for different thread lengths and plotting T² against L gives a straight line whose slope equals 4π²/g, so the class can calculate g from its own data. Keep the swing angle small (under about 10°), time 20 oscillations and divide to reduce reaction-time error, and make sure the heavy base sits on a level bench so the rod stays still.

What to Specify When Ordering

• Number of apparatus sets for your class groups.
• Number of digital stopwatches wanted per set, since the contents list names the stopwatch twice.
• Extra spools of cotton thread if many groups will re-string the pendulum.

OEM Manufacturer

ScienceLab, the trading name of Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, is the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) of the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus. The mild steel base and rod assembly is fabricated at the company’s own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and complete sets are shipped factory-direct to schools, colleges, institutions, dealers and importers.

Institutional buyers completing vendor registration can use GSTIN 06AAECJ8618A1ZT and LEI 3358004HRD1JIVXKYX49. For replacement parts or matching repeat orders, ask us — the maker answers directly. See the ScienceLab company profile for more.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Other items for oscillation and gravity experiments:

• Stopwatch, Digital — an extra timer so two students can time the same swings.
• Half Meter Scale — a spare scale for measuring thread length.
• Pendulum Clamp — holds the thread at a fixed suspension point.
• Apparatus for Determining "g" During the Free Fall of Bodies — a second method for measuring g to compare results.
• Newton’s Pendulum (Newton’s Cradle) — a pendulum demonstration of momentum and energy transfer.

Find more in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included with the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus?
The Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus includes a 200 x 125 mm mild steel base, a 500 x 10 mm mild steel rod, a pendulum sphere on a thread (diameter listed as 25 mm), a digital stopwatch, a 50 cm ruler, a 150 x 0.1 mm steel rod and a spool of cotton thread.

How is g found with the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus?
With the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus, students time the period T for several thread lengths L and plot T² against L. The graph is a straight line with slope 4π²/g, so g is calculated from the measured slope.

Does the mass of the bob change the period?
For small swings, the period of the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus depends on thread length and gravity, not on the mass of the sphere. Students can confirm this by keeping the length fixed and comparing results, which is a useful discussion point in the practical.

How long can the pendulum thread be?
The Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus uses a 500 mm mild steel support rod and a 50 cm ruler, so practical thread lengths stay within the height of the rod above the bench. The cotton thread spool lets students cut new lengths for each trial.

Who manufactures the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus?
The Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus, code SCL-219/042, is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab) as the OEM, at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India, and is supplied factory-direct to buyers.

Can the pendulum apparatus be supplied for a whole class or for export?
Yes. The Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus can be quoted in class-set and bulk quantities for schools, colleges, dealers and importers in India and international markets. Send the quantity and destination through the contact page.

Request a Quote

Request a quotation for the Mathematical Pendulum Demonstration Apparatus (SCL-219/042) on our contact page, or collect several items in the enquiry cart. Quotations are prepared directly by the manufacturer.

Last updated: 24 September 2026

Apparatus for studying the reflection of light from different surfaces and the refraction of light in different environments (Product Code: SCL-577/043) is a sensor-based optics experiment kit used to compare light reflected by various surfaces and to measure refraction through glass in school physics labs. Its light sensor reads (0–2 000) or (0–30 000) lux and links to a touch-controlled smartboard. The set is made by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab), an OEM manufacturer, at its own factory in Ambala, India.

Specifications

What Is the Light Reflection and Refraction Apparatus Used For?

For the reflection part, students aim a light beam at sample surfaces such as a mirror, white card, black card or foil, and record the reflected illuminance with the sensor at a fixed distance and angle. The low range, with 0.5 lux resolution, suits weak reflections from dark matt surfaces, while the high range handles bright direct beams. Because the sensor sends over 1000 readings per second to the smartboard, the whole class can watch values change as a surface is tilted.

For refraction, the parallel-faced glass block is placed on the 50 cm protractor, a narrow ray is directed at it, and the angles of incidence and refraction are read so that the refractive index can be calculated from n = sin i / sin r. Students also see that the ray leaving the block runs parallel to the incoming ray but shifted sideways. As optics lab equipment, the set gives clearer readings in a darkened room, and the glass parts should be handled by their edges to keep faces clean.

What to Specify When Ordering

• The light source you plan to use, since no lamp or ray box is itemised in the listing.
• Your smartboard model, so sensor compatibility can be checked before dispatch.
• Number of sets and any spare glass block or lenses required.

OEM Manufacturer

ScienceLab is the trading name of Jain Scientific Equipments Private Limited, the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) that assembles this reflection and refraction apparatus at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. ScienceLab makes the optical parts and assembles the complete set there, while the smartboard light (lux) sensor is a sourced electronic component. Sets are dispatched directly from the factory to schools, colleges, institutions, dealers and importers.

Dealing with the manufacturer keeps questions about compatibility, spare optics or repeat orders with the team that builds the set — ask us for details. Visit the ScienceLab profile to learn more about the company.

Related Laboratory Equipment

Items that pair well with this optics set:

• Apparatus for studying the reflection of light according to different types of surfaces and the refraction of light from different environments — a broader optics set with laser diode, lenses, mirrors and prism.
• Prism – Glass Rectangular Block — extra parallel-sided blocks for more refraction stations.
• Plane Mirror — a highly reflective sample surface for comparison.
• Professional Protractor — an additional protractor for student groups.
• Laser Pen, Red — a narrow beam for ray-tracing through the glass block.

More optics apparatus is in the Laboratory Equipment category.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included with this reflection and refraction apparatus (SCL-577/043)?
The reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043 includes a smartboard-compatible light sensor, a 1–14 V AC/DC, 6 A power source, a (50 x 20) mm parallel-faced glass block, a glass lens grinder and glass spoon lens (names as listed), a protractor with 50 cm base and a model of a window phenomenon guide.

What range and resolution does the light sensor have?
The light sensor in the reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043 offers two ranges: (0–2 000) lux with 0.5 lux resolution and (0–30 000) lux with 10 lux resolution. It takes over 1000 measurements per second, so rapid changes in reflected light are captured.

Can the apparatus display readings on a smartboard?
Yes. According to its listing, the light sensor of the reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043 connects to a smartboard and is controlled by touch. Tell us your smartboard model when enquiring so that compatibility can be confirmed before the set is dispatched.

How is the refractive index of glass measured with this apparatus?
With the reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043, a narrow ray is aimed at the (50 x 20) mm parallel-faced glass block on the 50 cm protractor. Students read the angles of incidence and refraction and calculate the refractive index as n = sin i / sin r.

Who manufactures the reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043?
The reflection and refraction apparatus SCL-577/043 is manufactured by Jain Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd (ScienceLab) as the OEM: the optical parts are made and the set is assembled at its own licensed factory at Saha, Ambala, Haryana, India. Its smartboard light (lux) sensor is a sourced electronic component. Quotations come from the manufacturer directly.

How does SCL-577/043 differ from the similarly named optics apparatus in the same range?
The apparatus SCL-577/043 is built around a digital light sensor, a parallel-faced glass block and a protractor for measured reflection and refraction work. The similarly named apparatus listed in the related items is a broader optics set with a laser diode, eye model, lenses, mirrors, prism and fibre optics.

Request a Quote

For a quotation on this reflection and refraction apparatus (SCL-577/043), contact us through the contact page or add it to the enquiry cart. Quotations come direct from the manufacturer, ScienceLab.

Last updated: 24 September 2026